TRAVELING THROUGH TIME                                                                                                        

HI EVERYONE!So now my summer camp is over.Yesterday I came through [THE WEEK] magazine of 2017 June.Today I saw the website of NASA so actually I like to collect information of our peculiar universe.Some of my studies are-

🍀 HADEAN EON-

The HADEAN EON began when the earth had started to just form.It was the time nearly 4.5 billion years ago.At first there was just a cloud of gas & dust,and then the sun formed,and gradually the plants formed.

🎀 ARCHEAN EON-              
The ARCHEAN EON was the time when the earth's crust cooled enough to allow tectonic shifts.The Archean Eon began about 4 billion years ago with the formation of Earth's crust and extended to the start of the Proterozoic Eon 2.5 billion years ago; the latter is the second formal division of Precambrian time.

🍀 CENOZOIC EON-

The Cenozoic Era is the current geological era, covering the period from 66 million years ago to the present day. The Cenozoic is also known as the Age of Mammals, because of the large mammals that dominate it.








🎀  PROTEROZOIC EON-

The Proterozoic is a geological eon representing the time just before the proliferation of complex life on Earth.

 🍀 PHANEROZOIC EON-

The Phanerozoic Eon is the current geologic eon in the geologic time scale, and the one during which abundant animal and plant life has existed. It covers 541 million years to the present, and began with the Cambrian Period. It is divided in three parts-

1] Paleozoic eon- Cambrian,Ordovician,Silurian,Devonian,Carboniferous,Permian.

2] Mesozoic eon- Triassic,Jurassic,Cretaceous.

3] Cenozoic eon- Paleogene,Neogene,Quaternary.


A] PALEOZOIC-

1) CAMBRIAN-

First shell-fish,primitive fish,corals.The only modern phylum with an adequate fossil record to appear after the Cambrian was the phylum Bryozoa, which is not known before the early Ordovician. A few mineralized animal fossils, including sponge spicules and probable worm tubes, are known from the Ediacaran Period immediately preceding the Cambrian.

2) ORDOVICIAN-

The Ordovician is best known for its diverse marine invertebrates, including graptolites, trilobites, brachiopods, and the conodonts (early vertebrates). A typical marine community consisted of theseanimals, plus red and green algae, primitive fish, cephalopods, corals, crinoids, and gastropods.

3) SILURIAN-

The Much Wenlock Limestone Formation of Wales and the Welsh Borderland contains a diverse fauna of well over 600 species (mainly crinoids, corals, brachiopods, trilobites, algae and bryozoans) deposited during the early Silurian when this area was covered by a relatively warm, shallow shelf sea.

4) DEVONIAN-

This was the period in which animals like amphibians,sharks,bony fish,spiders originated.The first tetrapods — land-living vertebrates — appeared during the Devonian, as did the first terrestrial arthropods, including wingless insects and 
the earliest arachnids. In the oceans, brachiopods flourished. Crinoids and other 
echinoderms, tabulate and rugose corals, and ammonites were also common.







5) CARBONIFEROUS-

The Carboniferous is a geologic period and system that spans 60 million years from the end of the Devonian Period 358.9 million years ago, to the beginning of the Permian Period, 298.9 Mya. Abundant coal swamps, reptiles, winged insects.

6) PERMIAN-

During the Permian, there were many animals, including Edaphosaurus, Dimetrodon, and other pelycosaurs; Eryops, Diplocaulus, archosaurs, amphibians, fish, and lots of invertebrates (like insects, worms, etc.). An extinct, sail-backed, meat-eating animal from the Permian period (pre-dating the dinosaurs).

B] MESOZOIC-

1) TRIASSIC-

The Mesozoic Era is often known as the Age of Reptiles. Two groups of animals survived the Permian Extinction: Therapsids, which were mammal-like reptiles, and the more reptilian Archosaurs. In the earlyTriassic, it appeared that the Therapsids would dominate the new era.

2) JURASSIC-

During this period, vegetation was greener and more lush. By Late Jurassic, huge dinosaurs such as Stegosaurus, Ceratosaurus, Brachiosaurus, and Allosaurus walked the lands. Flying reptiles ruled the skies. The earliest known birds also appeared.This was also the era on which there are almost 4 to 6 movies.I think the best of them all are Jurassic world.Recently a series of it is also released.Also in that movie ours bollywood actor Irrfan Khan gave his debue as Simon Masrani.                                                                                          

3) CRETACEOUS-

The Cretaceous  is a geologic period and system that spans 79 million years from the end of the Jurassic Period 145 million years ago  to the beginning of the Paleogene Period 66 MYA. It is the last period of the Mesozoic Era.

                                                                                                                                                             

C] CENOZOIC-

1) PALEOGENE-

The Paleogene is a geologic period and system that spans 43 million years from the end of the Cretaceous Period 66 million years ago to the beginning of the Neogene Period 23.03 Mya.At the dawn of the Paleogene—the beginning of the Cenozoic era—dinosaurs, pterosaurs, and giant marine reptiles were conspicuously absent from the face of the Earth. Rodent-size (and perhaps larger) mammals emerged, suddenly free to fill the void. Over the next 42 million years, they grew in size, number, and diversity. As the period came to a close, life-forms still common today filled the seas, dominated the land, and had taken to the air.

2) NEOGENE-

The Neogene  (informally Upper Tertiary or Late Tertiary) is a geologic period and system that spans 20.45 million years from the end of the Paleogene Period 23.03 million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the present Quaternary Period 2.58 Mya.

3) QUATERNARY-

Quaternary. ... The Quaternary Period is divided into two epochs: the Pleistocene (2.588 million years ago to 11.7 thousand years ago) and the Holocene (11.7 thousand years ago to today). The informal term "Late Quaternary" refers to the past 0.5–1.0 million years.

                 WORLD ENVIRONMENT DAY


Hi friends! On 5th of JUNE the world will celebrate WORLD ENVIRONMENT DAY ! I had recently celebrated the birthday of my nana on 1st of June. I think every one should plant a tree. In VALSAD it was so cool that I enjoyed that atmosphere.I played badminton with a didi in our society.So lets see this video which would inspire you.

Now I will give you brief information for the topic.

World Environment Day (WED) occurs on the 5th of June every year, and is the United Nation's principal vehicle for encouraging awareness and action for the protection of our environment. First held in 1974, it has been a flagship campaign for raising awareness on emerging environmental issues from marine pollution, human overpopulation, and global warming, to sustainable consumption and wildlife crime. WED has grown to become a global platform for public outreach, with participation from over 143 countries annually. Each year, WED has a new theme that major corporations, NGOs, communities, governments and celebrities worldwide adopt to advocate environmental causes.

India is the host of 2018 WORLD ENVIRONMENT DAY. This year its topic is BEAT PLASTIC POLLUTION the world is going to together combat single-use plastic pollution.

India once had started the move of CHIPKO MOVEMENT this was the first time it was done to save the environment.

The Chipko movement or Chipko Andolan was a forest conservation movement where people clung onto trees to prevent them from being cut. Chipko-type movements date back to 1730 AD when in Khejarli village of Rajasthan, 363 Bishnois sacrificed their lives to save khejri trees. In modern India, it began in 1973 in Uttarakhand (then in Uttar Pradesh) and went on to become a rallying point for many future environmental movements all over the world. It created a precedent for starting of nonviolent protest in India,^[1] and its success meant that the world immediately took notice of this non-violent movement, which was to inspire in time many such eco-groups by helping to slow down the rapid deforestation, expose vested interests, increase ecological awareness, and demonstrate the viability of people power. Above all, it stirred up the existing civil society in India, which began to address the issues of tribal and marginalized people.The chipko aandolan is a movement that practised methods of Satyagraha where both male and female activists from Uttarakhand played vital roles, including Gaura Devi, Suraksha Devi,Sudesha Devi, Bachni Devi and Chandi Prasad Bhatt.

Today, beyond the eco-socialism hue, it is being seen increasingly as an ecofeminism movement. Although many of its leaders were men, women were not only its backbone, but also its mainstay, because they were the ones most affected by the rampant deforestation, which led to a lack of firewood and fodder as well as water for drinking and irrigation. Over the years they also became primary stakeholders in a majority of the afforestation work that happened under the Chipko movement.^[3][4][5] In 1987, the Chipko movement was awarded the Right Livelihood Award.

Friends also in India from last year a abhiyan or protest was started which is known as rally for rivers by shri Sadguru. Now i am taking leave lets meet in my next blog.